高中英语英语书面表达中常见的九种句法错误
本日,小编整顿了一下同窗们在写作进程傍边常常呈现的语法使用的差错,愿望年夜家看到后要实时纠正,并以此为鉴,由于写作的最根本要求不是文章中有何等富丽的辞藻和句子,而是句子的精确性。
一、词性误用
词性误用常表示为:介词错用为动词,形容词错用为副词,名词错用为动词等。

例:They earn some money so that they can independence.他们挣钱是为了自主。
解析:independence是名词,句中误用为动词。
改为:They earn some money so that they can be independent.
二、修饰语错位
英语与汉语分歧,统一个修饰语放在句子中分歧的地位,可能会引起句子寄义的变化。这一点常被同窗们所轻忽,因而造成了不需要的误会。
例:I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.我信任我会做得很好,并且我将对校园外的天下有更好的相识。
解析:better地位欠妥,应置于句末。
改为:I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.
三、句子不完备
在白话中,外交两边可借助手势、语气等来懂得对方的意思,不完备的句子也完全可以被懂得。可是书面语就分歧了,句子布局不完备会令意思表达不清,这经常产生在主句写完以后,学生又想加些弥补阐明的环境下。
例:There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio,newspaper and so on.相识社会的道路有许多,好比,可以经由过程电视、广播、报纸,等等。
解析:本段后半部门“For example,by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.”不是一个完备的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不克不及自力成句。
改为:There are many ways to know society,for example,by TV,radio,and newspaper.
四、主谓纷歧致
英语的谓语动词在人称和数上必需与主语坚持同等。因为受汉语的影响,很多同窗在写作时常常疏忽句子的主谓同等关系,从而造成差错。
例:Once one have time,he can do what he want to do.人一旦有了光阴,他就能想干什么就干什么。
解析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;同理,want应改为wants,本句是典型的主谓纷歧致。
改为:Once one has time, he can do what he wants to do.
五、指代不清
指代不清主要指代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词纷歧致。
例1:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.玛丽和我姐姐很要好,由于她要她做她的伴娘。
解析:读完上面这一句话,读者无法明白地断定两位姑娘中谁将娶亲,谁将当伴娘。假如我们把容易引起误会的代词加以明白,意思就一览无余了。
改为:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例2:And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.我们还可以经由过程切身介入、体验的方式相识社会。
解析:句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代纷歧致。
改为:And we can also know the society by serving it ourselves.
六、包袱
同窗们在写书面表达时应只管即便做到简练:写句子没有一个过剩的词,写段落没有一个过剩的句子。
例1:In spite of the fact that he is lazy,I like him.只管他很怠惰,我照样喜欢他。
解析:本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同位语从句,我们可依照“简练”的原则加以简化。
改为:In spite of his laziness,I like him.
例2:For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.对付勤恳仁慈的人来说,钱只是用来购置所需器械的对象。
解析:整个句子可以年夜年夜简化,包袱反复过多。
改为:Diligent,caring people use money only to buy what they need.
七、句子不连贯
句子不连贯是指一个句子内部前言不搭后语,或是布局上不通顺。句子不连贯也是英语书面表达中比拟常见的问题。
例:The fresh water,it is the most important things of the earth.淡水是地球上最紧张的器械。
解析:The fresh water与逗号后的it不连贯,it与things在语法上纷歧致。
改为:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
八、句子布局凌乱
句子布局凌乱主要是受汉语思维方式影响而导致的。同窗们在日常进修中应多加演习,造就语感。
例1:There are many students are playing basketball on the playground.操场上有很多学生在打篮球。
解析:上面的句子中呈现了两个谓语动词,不相符英语的语法习气。
改为:Many students are playing basketball on the playground.
例2:The girl is standing over there is from a big city.站在那里的女孩来自一个年夜城市。
解析:一个简单句中不克不及有两个谓语系动词,布局凌乱。
改为:The girl standing over there is from a big city.
九、句型单调,句子与句子之间短缺过渡
一篇文章假如简单句过多,句型单调,纵然语法差错较少,思绪较清楚,看后也会使人觉得乏味。同窗们应学会单句、复句瓜代使用,常常变换句型,测验考试使用一些较繁杂的语法布局及句型,恰当运用过渡词,使文章加倍连贯。
例:They sleep fewer than eight hours every day. It has great influence on their health.
解析:这段话中使用的全体是简单句,句型比拟单调,可以改为定语从句或参加插入语。
改为:Actually, they sleep fewer than eight hours every day, which will,no doubt, have great influence on their health
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